Oil and natural gas deposits are basically hydrocarbons which absorb into buried rocks and minerals. To better understand and visualize these deposits, one must picture an ancient sea teeming with an immense variety of living organisms. The ancient body of water which contained these organisms would have covered most of the American West, including Texas, Oklahoma, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado. Some of the creatures in this sea were large fish and other swimming beasts, but the majority of living things consisted of vast amounts of microscopic organisms. Scientists believe it is these tiny plankton-like creatures that give rise to today’s oil and natural gas.
These miniature life-forms died millions of years ago, and their remains settled to the bottom of the sea. Over time, these very small remains built up to enormous quantities of organic sediment. Layered in thick deposits on the seafloor, this organic material mixed with sand and mud. Eventually, the layers of sediment accumulated until they became hundreds or even thousands of feet thick. The weight of the uppermost layers created great heat and pressure. The process transformed sediment into rock. Meanwhile, heat, pressure, and other natural forces turned the dead organic material within the layers into hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are the basis for oil and natural gas.
At the same time that dead organisms were being changed into hydrocarbons, geological forces were influencing the Earth’s crust. Cracks, otherwise known as faults, were created and crust movement created folds in the sediment layers previously discussed. Molten rock was thrust upwards, altering the formation of the surrounding beds. Wind and water eroded formations and disturbances in the earth's crust moving large amounts of rock. All of these alterations in the layers of the earth's crust were very important because they trapped and stored hydrocarbon deposits.
Over centuries, the weight of overlying rocks continued to push downward, forcing hydrocarbons out of their source rocks. They seeped through cracks and fissures, oozing upward until they became trapped and stored in the subsurface rock, thus becoming our modern day oil and natural gas deposits. Today, the oil and natural gas industry is seeking out these petroleum deposits formed and stored millions of years ago.
In an effort to seek out these oil deposits, geologists apply earth sciences to narrow down the search. Since most petroleum deposits are buried deep underground, there are usually no surface hints that indicate their locations. Also, much of the world’s natural gas and oil probably lies beneath the ocean floors. However, scientists have developed effective seismological methods to view the subsurface. Seismology uses sound waves which bounce off buried rock layers. These sound waves paint a clear picture of the underlying rock surfaces and petroleum deposits. This scientific method dramatically increases the probability that companies will find oil before they spend the money to drill.
The history of geology coupled with new scientific methods lead us to conclude that there are very large oil and natural gas deposits right here in North America. With vast deposits in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas, companies like Bedrock Energy Development, Inc. based in Denver, Colorado are developing domestic oil and natural gas fields. Bedrock Energy Development, Inc. is among the leading developers of oil and natural gas technology making it possible to capitalize on deposits left by ancient sea life that once covered the central domestic plateau. Bedrock Energy Development, Inc. is developing new strategies and is on the cutting edge of domestic energy.
(source: A Primer of Oil well Drilling, 7th ed. All rights reserved (c) (2008) PETEX(r) (Petroleum Extension Service), The University of Texas.)
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Monday, November 16, 2009
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